Origin
Share : 1: English (Staffordshire and Worcestershire): perhaps a variant of Shear.2: Americanized form of Croatian Šare (see Sare 3).
Ainscough : apparently from a lost or unidentified place called Ainscough or similar probably in Lancs. If so the place-name would have Old Scandinavian skógr ‘wood’ as its second element. Compare Inscoe; the names may well share an origin.alternatively a variant of Askew (compare Ayscough) with intrusive -n-.
Beaugie : 1: from Baugé (Maine et Loire Sarthe) or Baugy (Cher Oise Saône et Loire). The place-names probably do not share an origin and are in any case obscure; the -y may be from the Gaulish place-name forming suffix rendered in Latin as -acum.perhaps from the Old French personal name Bauger Baugé (Germanic Baldagari from elements meaning ‘bold brave’ and ‘spear’). 2: late variant of Bogie.
Bierton : from Bierton (Bucks). The place-name appears to share an etymology with Burton but to have been deliberately altered in the 14th century.
Bovill : English (of Norman origin): habitational name from any of several places in Normandy whose medieval forms share a similar range of variants such as Bouville (Seine-Maritime) any of several places called Biéville (Calvados Manche) or Biville (Manche Seine-Maritime) Beuzeville-la-Giffard (Seine-Maritime) Boiville (Orne) and perhaps Boudeville (Seine-Maritime). See also Boswell and Beville.
Brumell : from one or other of many minor places named with Old English brōm + halh ‘secluded place overgrown with broom’. Compare Bramhall and Broomhall which have the same etymology and share many spellings. Sometimes -hill has been substituted for -hall but it is also possible that minor places named with -hill are an alternative source.
Brummel : 1: Dutch (Gelderland) and North German: topographic name from Dutch brummel ‘bramble blackberry’ probably denoting a farm near brambles.2: English: rare variant of Brumell a habitational name from one or other of many minor places called with Old English brōm + halh ‘secluded place overgrown with broom’. Compare Bramhall and Broomhall which have the same etymology and share many spellings.
Couston : from Couston near Newtyle (Angus) Couston in Aberdour (Fife) or another similarly named place. The Fife name is from the given name Col in the genitive case with -s + Scots toun ‘farm village’ and other names may share this etymology.
Dole : 1: English: topographic name from Middle English dol doil ‘portion or share of land’ especially in the common field (Old English dāl). The name might also denote someone who lived ‘(by the) boundary mark’ Middle English dol(e).2: French (Dolé): nickname for a troubled or anxious person from Old French dolé past participle of doler ‘to regret’ (from Latin dolere ‘to hurt’).3: Americanized form of French Daul a surname of German origin.
Farndon : from various places named with Old English fearn ‘fern bracken’ + dūn ‘hill’ such as East Farndon (Northants) West Farndon in Woodford Halse (also Northants) Farndon (Notts) Farndon (Cheshire) (Great) Faringdon (Berks) and adjacent Little Faringdon (Oxon) Faringdon alias Farringdon (Hants) Farringdon (Devon) and Farrington in Iwerne Courtney (Dorset) all of which share similar medieval spellings typically Ferendon Farendon and Farnedon and perhaps also from Farringdon in North Petherton or Farringdon Hill in Stogursey (both Somerset) for which secure medieval spellings are unavailable. This surname may have become confused with Farrington.
Fitzmaurice : Irish: from Anglo-Norman French fi(t)z ‘son’ (see Fitz) + the personal name Maurice (see Morris 1) ‘son of Maurice’. This surname is common in Ireland where it has also been Gaelicized as Mac Muiris. The Irish family of Fitzmaurice share a common Norman ancestry with the Fitzgerald family. They can be traced to Thomas Fitzmaurice whose brother Gerald was the ancestor of the Irish Fitzgerald dynasty. Their father was Maurice Fitzgerald a Norman baron (died 1176).
Flay : English: nickname from either of two Middle English words: fle(gh) ‘flea’ (Old English flēah) or fli(gh)e ‘fly winged insect’ (Old English flēoghe). The two Middle English words share a number of spellings and it is hard to separate them.
Gou : 1: Chinese: Mandarin form of the surname 苟 meaning ‘careless’ in Chinese: (i) said to be borne by descendants of the legendary Huang Di or ‘the Yellow Emperor’ (c. 27th century BC). (ii) from the placename Gou (苟) the name of a fief granted to an official in the state of Chu during the Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BC). (iii) adopted in place of the Chinese surname Xun (荀) by an official in the state of Jin during the Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BC) in order to escape from persecution. (iv) adopted in place of the Chinese surname Gou (句) during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Song (1107–1187 AD) since the surname happened to share similar pronunciation with the personal name of the emperor which was taboo in ancient China. (v) adopted in place of the Chinese surname Jing (敬) during the reign of Emperor Gaozu of Later Jin (892–942 AD) since the surname happened to be part of the personal name of the emperor (whose personal name was Jingtang 敬塘) which was taboo in ancient China. (vi) adopted as the surname by the Ruo Gan (若干) family from the Xianbei ethnic group in northern China during the Northern Wei dynasty (386–534 AD).2: Chinese: Mandarin form of the surname 勾 (or written as 句) said to be traced back to the post-name Gou Mang (勾芒 or 句芒) an official title of Chong son of the legendary king Shao Hao (c. 26th century BC).3: Chinese: Mandarin form of the surname 緱: (i) said to be borne by the descendants of Zong Jing a grandson of King Ling of Zhou (died 545 BC). (ii) possibly from the placename Gou (緱) the name of a fief (located in Henan province) during the Western Zhou dynasty (1046–771 BC). (iii) adopted by the Ke Hou (渴侯) family from the Xianbei ethnic group in northern China during the Northern Wei dynasty (386–534 AD).4: Chinese: Mandarin form of the surname 芶: (i) adopted in place of another Chinese surname Gou (勾) which shared a similar pronunciation with the personal name of Emperor Gaozong of Song (1107–1187 AD) a taboo in ancient China. (ii) possibly interchangeable with another surname 苟 in ancient China.5: Chinese: variant Romanization of the surname 郭 see Guo 1.6: Catalan: from the medieval ancient Germanic personal name Gaud or Gauto.
Hampton : English and Scottish: habitational name from any of numerous places called Hampton including the cities of Southampton and Northampton (both of which were originally simply Hamtun). These all share the final Old English element tūn ‘enclosure settlement’ but the first is variously hām ‘homestead’ hamm ‘water meadow’ or hēan weak dative case (originally used after a preposition and article) of hēah ‘high’. This surname is also found in Ireland having first been taken there in the medieval period.
Lott : 1: English: from the Middle English female name Lot(e) (Latinized as Lota) probably a pet form of such names as Allot (from Alice) Amelot or Emelot (from Ameline) Ellot (from Ellen) and Gillota (from Gillian).2: English: from Middle English lot(t)e ‘lot portion’ (Old English hlot) in the sense of an allotted share of land hence a status name for someone who held such a plot.3: German: from a pet form of Ludwig.4: German: topographic name from the dialect word lott ‘mud dirt’.
Luten : 1: Dutch and Flemish: metronymic from the personal name Luite a short form of ancient Germanic Lu(i)tgard a compound of liud ‘people tribe’ + gard ‘protective enclosure yard’.2: Norwegian: habitational name from any of several farms named Luten mostly in Telemark. It is a definite singular form of lut ‘part share section (of a property)’. This surname is not found in Norway anymore.
Massarella : from a diminutive of massaro from Medieval Latin massarius a derivative of massa ‘farm estate’. In northern Italy this word denoted a tenant farmer or share cropper; in central and southern Italy it also denote an agent or steward of a country estate.
Massaro : Italian: occupational or status name from massaro which in northern Italy denoted a tenant farmer or share cropper and in central and southern Italy could also denote an agent or steward of a rural estate from medieval Latin massarius a derivative of massa ‘farm estate’. Compare Massa and Massara.
Orton : 1: English: habitational name from any of various places called Orton in Cambridgeshire Leicestershire Northamptonshire Warwickshire and Westmorland. All those in England share a second element from Old English tūn ‘enclosure settlement’ but the first element in each case is more difficult to determine. Examples in Cambridgeshire and Warwickshire are on the banks of rivers so these are probably derived from Old English ōfer ‘riverbank’; in other cases it is impossible to distinguish between ofer ‘ridge’ and ufera ‘upper’. Orton in Westmorland is probably formed with the Old Norse byname Orri ‘black-cock’ (the male black grouse). Orton near Fochabers Scotland is of uncertain etymology.2: Americanized form of Norwegian Årtun: habitational name from the farm name Årtun found in six places e.g. in the province of Rogaland a compound of the genitive case singular of Old Norse á ‘small river’ and tún ‘farm yard (surrounded by buildings)’.
Partee : Americanized form of French Partie: from Old French partie ‘part (of an inheritance) share division’ probably in the topographic sense of a piece of land. The surname Partie is rare in France; in the past it was concentrated in Eure.
Rambridge : from Ramridge End in Stopsley in Luton (Beds) which is recorded as Ramrugg in 1227 and perhaps also to judge from the modern distribution from Ramridge in Weyhill (Hants) which is recorded as Remrigge in 1269 and Rammerugge in 1348 though no medieval bearers have been noted in Hants or Wilts. The Hants place-name probably derives from Old English hræfn ‘raven’ + hrycg ‘ridge’. The Beds place-name may share this etymology or its first element may be Old English ramm ‘ram male sheep’. The consonant cluster -mr- has become -mbr- in the surname a common development with intrusive -b-.
Scoins : unexplained. The name shares the same Devon distribution as Scane and may also share its origin though any relationship is unclear.
Sellen : 1: German: possibly a habitational name from a place so called in Westphalia.2: Swedish (Sellén): ornamental name probably formed with the placename element sel ‘stretch of smooth water’ + the suffix -én a derivative of Latin -enius.3: English (Kent): habitational name from Selling or Sellindge (both Kent) though the distribution suggests that the former is the more likely source of the surname. Both placenames probably mean ‘the companions the people who share a dwelling’ from Old English setl sedl ‘abode dwelling’ + the groupname suffix -ingas.
Smallshaw : 1: from Smallshaw in Ashton under Lyne (Lancs) Smallshaw in Thurlstone (WR Yorks) and perhaps also Smallshaw in Wadsworth (WR Yorks); the place-names probably all derive from Old English smæl ‘narrow thin’ + sceaga ‘small wood copse’. Redmonds Dictionary of Yorks Surnames notes that in the Thurlstone area the suffix in the surname shifted to -cher and -schar suggesting that Middle English share ‘a share of land’ was substituted for shaw ‘copse’. 2: perhaps from Middle English smal ‘small narrow’ + sho ‘shoe’.perhaps from a lost place Smelesho of uncertain etymology recorded in 1297 in King's Bench Pleas (Beds) and again in 1420 in London Letter Books I.
Somes : English: habitational name with post-medieval excrescent -s from Saham Toney (Norfolk) Earl and Monk Soham (Suffolk) or Soham (Cambridgeshire) and perhaps also Siam Hall near Newton (Suffolk) all of which share the same etymology (‘lake estate’ Old English sǣ ‘sea lake’ + hām ‘village homestead estate’).
Southall : English: habitational name primarily from Southall in Billingsley (Shropshire) and Southall in Doverdale (Worcestershire) but occasionally also from other places so named including Southall in North Owersby (Lincolnshire). The Worcestershire placename probably derives from Old English sūth ‘south southern’ + halh ‘nook corner of land’; the other placenames may share the same etymology but alternatively may derive from Old English sūth + hall ‘hall large residence’.
Stirton : 1: Scottish (Angus and Perthshire): habitational name from Stirton in Kilmany (Fife). The earliest bearer known seems to have a very late appearing surname since Stirton in Fife (or its name) came into existence only in the mid 17th century commemorating a family called Stirk holding land adjacent with Scots toun ‘farmstead settlement’.2: English: variant of Sturton a habitational name from Sturton le Steeple (Nottinghamshire) Great Sturton (Lincolnshire) Sturton by Stow (Lincolnshire) or possibly Sturton (Northumberland) all of which share the same etymology and early spellings as Stratton.
Stratton : 1: English and Scottish: habitational name from any of several places called Stratton or Stretton almost all named with Old English strǣt ‘paved road Roman road’ + tūn ‘enclosure settlement’. Stratton in Cornwall which may also be a partial source of the surname probably has as its first element Cornish stras ‘valley’.2: English: variant of Sturton a habitational name from Sturton le Steeple (Nottinghamshire) Great Sturton (Lincolnshire) Sturton by Stow (Lincolnshire) or possibly Sturton (Northumberland) all of which placenames share the same etymology and early spellings as 1 above.3: Scottish: habitational name from Straiton (Ayrshire) Straiton in Liberton (Midlothian) or South Straiton in Logie (Fife) all named with Old English strǣt ‘street Roman road’ + tūn ‘farmstead estate’.
Sturton : 1: from Sturton le Steeple (Notts) Great Sturton (Lincs) Sturton by Stow (Lincs) or possibly Sturton (Northumb) all of which place-names share the same etymology and early spellings as Stratton. 2: see Stourton.
Tierce : French:: 1: from the feminine form of Tiers ‘third’ probably denoting someone who had a third share in something or who owed a third of their agricultural produce in dues.2: (Tiercé): habitational name from a place so named in Maine-et-Loire.
Vereker : of uncertain meaning but of Flemish (Dutch) origin. It was borne by a First Minister of Brabant in the 16th century and was established in the county of Limerick Ireland in the later 17th century possibly as a result of migration due to religious persecution. It is not absolutely certain that the bearers of European origin mentioned here in England share this name. There is no connection with the Somerset name Fouracre as sometimes alleged.
Whelpton : perhaps from West Whelpington or Kirkwhelpington (Northumb) with loss of the -ing-. The place-name is recorded as Welpinton in 1182 and derives from an Old English personal name *Hwelp + Old English connective -ing- + tūn ‘farmstead estate’. The surname may share an origin with Whelton which is also at present a name of Lincs. There is scope for confusion of both surnames with Wheldon a variant of Wheeldon which like Whelpton is associated with Chester le Street (Durham).
Whitton : 1: Scottish: habitational name from Whitton in Morebattle (Roxburghshire). The placename is from Old English hwīt ‘white’ + tūn ‘farm village’ as with many of the places in 2 below.2: English: habitational name from any of the places called Whitton (Durham Lincolnshire Middlesex Northumberland Shropshire Suffolk) or Witton (Cheshire Durham Lancashire Herefordshire Norfolk Northumberland Warwickshire Worcestershire North Yorkshire); or possibly from Wyton (Huntingdonshire East Yorkshire); or possibly from Weeton Market Weighton or Little Weighton (East Yorkshire). The placenames do not all share the same etymology but most of their post-medieval spellings are interchangeable. Most of the placenames derive from the Old English personal name Hwīta or Old English hwīt ‘white’ + tūn ‘farmstead estate’ though some for example Witton in Warwickshire derive from Old English wīc ‘dwelling specialized farmstead’ + tūn and some others for example Witton in Norfolk derive from Old English widu ‘wood’ + tūn. Whitton in Lincolnshire derives from the Old English personal name Hwīta (genitive Hwītan) or Old English hwīt (dative hwītan) + ēg ‘island’. Witton in Lancashire derives from the Old English personal Witta + Old English tūn.3: English: in Devon this surname is a variant of Whiddon.
Yu : 1: Chinese: Mandarin and Cantonese form of the surname 余 (or rarely written as 餘) meaning ‘I’ in ancient Chinese: (i) from the second element of the personal name You Yu (由余) the name of a prime minister in the state of Qin during the Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BC). (ii) from Yu (余) the name of a small state during the Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BC). (iii) said to be borne by descendants of Xia Yu the first king of the Xia dynasty (2070–1600 BC).2: Chinese: Mandarin and Cantonese form of the surname 于 (meaning ‘go’ in ancient Chinese) or 於 (often simplified as 于 in Mainland China meaning ‘depend on’ in ancient Chinese): (i) simplified form of the Chinese character 邘 the name of an ancient state (located in Qinyang in Henan province) which was granted to Yu Shu (邘叔) the third son of King Wen of Zhou (1152–1056 BC). After it was annexed by the state of Zheng during the Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BC) the Chinese character 邘 (pronounced Yu) was simplified to (于) and adopted as a surname. (ii) adopted as a surname by the Wan Niu Yu (萬忸于) family from the Xianbei ethnic group in northern China during the Northern Wei dynasty (386–534 AD). (iii) adopted in place of the Chinese compound surname Chun-Yu (淳于) because the first element of the surname Chun happened to share the same pronunciation with the personal name of the emperor Li Chun also known as Emperor Xianzong of Tang (778–820 AD) which was taboo in ancient China. (iv) said to be traced back to Yu Ze (於則) who said to be the inventor of shoes an official the legendary Huang Di the ‘Yellow Emperor’ (c. 27th century BC). (v) from the second element of the placename Shang Yu (商於) in the state of Chu during the Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BC).3: Chinese: Mandarin and Cantonese form of the surname 俞 meaning ‘assent consent’ in ancient Chinese: (i) said to be traced back to Yu Fu (俞跗) a famous doctor during the reign of the legendary Huang Di the ‘Yellow Emperor’ (c. 27th century BC). (ii) said to be traced back to the noble families in the state of Zheng and Chu during the Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BC).4: Chinese: Mandarin and Cantonese form of the surname 虞 referring to a kind of beast in ancient Chinese: from Yu (虞) the name of two ancient states. One is known as Dong Yu or Eastern Yu (located in Yucheng in Henan province) said to have been granted by Xia Yu the first king of the Xia dynasty (2070–1600 BC) to the son of the legendary Emperor Shun (c. 23rd century BC). The other is known as Xi Yu or Western Yu (located in Pinglu in Shanxi province) which was annexed by the state of Jin in 655 BC.5: Chinese: Mandarin and Cantonese form of the surname 庾 meaning ‘open-air granaries’ in Chinese: (i) from the second element of Zhang Yu (掌庾) literally meaning ‘in charge of open-air granaries’ the name of an official post during the reign of the legendary Emperor Yao (c. 24th century BC). (ii) from the first element of Yu Lin (庾廩) meaning ‘granaries’ the name of an official post during the Western Zhou dynasty (1046–771 BC). (iii) from Yu (庾) the name of an ancient state during the Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BC).6: Chinese: Mandarin and Cantonese form of the surname 喻 meaning ‘explain’ or ‘analogy’ in Chinese: (i) adopted in place of another Chinese surname Yu (諭) after the Eastern Jin dynasty (316–420 AD). (ii) adopted in place of another Chinese surname pronounced Yu (渝) during the reign of Emperor Jing of Han (188–141 BC) because the Chinese character happened to be identical to the personal name of the wife of the emperor. It was taboo in ancient China to bear a name that was the same as that of a member of a royal or imperial family. (iii) from the name of Yu Chu (喻樗) who was granted the surname Yu (喻) during the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279 AD).7: Chinese: Mandarin and Cantonese form of the surname 禹: (i) from the personal name Yu (禹) the name of the first king of the Xia dynasty (2070–1600 BC). (ii) simplified form of Chinese (鄅) the name of a small state (located in present-day Shandong province). After this state was annexed during the late Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BC) the Chinese character Yu (鄅) was simplified to Yu (禹) and adopted as a surname.8: Chinese: Mandarin and Cantonese form of the surname 宇 meaning ‘house’ or ‘world’ in ancient Chinese: (i) borne by descendants of Shen Bo (the Earl of Shen) king of the state of Shen and uncle of King Xuan of Zhou (reigned 827–782 BC). (ii) shortened form of the compound surname Yu-Wen (宇文) a surname traced back to the Hun ethnic group in ancient northern China. (iii) traced back to the Tangut ethnic group in ancient northwestern China.9: Chinese: Mandarin form of the surname 郁 or 鬱 (often simplified to 郁 in Mainland China) meaning ‘luxuriant’ in Chinese: (i) from the placename Yu (郁) the name of an ancient state which later became a fief in the state of Wu (located in present-day Zhejiang and Jiangsu province). (ii) possibly from the first element of Yu Li (郁立) the name of a state (located in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region) during the Western Han dynasty (206 BC–25 AD). (iii) possibly from the first element of the placenames Yu Yi (郁夷) (located in Shaanxi province) Yu Zhi (郁秩) (located in Shandong province) or Yu Zhi (郁致) (located in ancient northwestern China). (iv) said to be traced back to Yu Hua (鬱華) teacher of Xia Yu the first king of Xia dynasty (2070–1600 BC). (v) possibly evolving from another Chinese surname Yu (蔚).10: Chinese: Mandarin form of the surname 魚 meaning ‘fish’ in Chinese: (i) from the second element of Zi Yu (子魚) style name of a prince of the state of Song during the Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BC). (ii) possibly from Yu (魚) the name of an ancient state (located in Sichuan province). (iii) traced back to some minority ethnic groups in southern China.11: Chinese: Mandarin form of the surname 玉 meaning ‘jade’ in Chinese: (i) borne by descendants of Gong Yu Dai (公玉帶) a person who lived during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han (156–87 BC) whose surname Gong Yu (公玉) was later shortened to Yu (玉). (ii) possibly from Yu Yin (玉尹 literally meaning ‘jade official’) title of an official in charge of the imperial jade seal in the state of Chu during the Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BC).12: Chinese: Mandarin form of the surname 尉 (also pronounced as Wei in Mandarin see Wei 6): (i) borne by the descendants of Yu Zhi (尉止) an official in the state of Zheng during the Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BC). (ii) shortened form of the compound surname Yu-Chi (尉遲) a surname from the Xianbei ethnic group.13: Chinese: Mandarin form of the surname 蔚: (i) from the placename (蔚) the name of a fief (located in present-day Shanxi province) during the Northern Wei dynasty (386–534 AD) and the Northern Zhou dynasty (557– 581 AD). (ii) possibly another written form of the Chinese surname Yu (尉).14: Chinese: Mandarin form of the surname 遇 meaning ‘encounter’ in Chinese: (i) from the placename Yu (遇) the name of a fief (located in present-day Shandong province) said to be granted to descendants of the legendary emperor Huang Di the ‘Yellow Emperor’ (c. 27th century BC). (ii) a surname from the Tangut ethnic group in ancient northwestern China.15: Chinese: Cantonese form of the surnames 茹 and 汝 see Ru 1 and 2.16: Chinese: alternative Mandarin form of the surnames 游 尤 由 and 有. Also Teochew or Hokkien form of the Chinese surnames 游 and 尤. See You 1-4.17: Chinese: variant Romanization of the surname 楊 see Yang 1.18: Chinese: variant Romanization of the surname 姚 based on its Cantonese pronunciation see Yao 1.19: Chinese: variant Romanization of the surname 饒 based on its Cantonese pronunciation see Rao 3.20: Korean: written 유 and 류 in Chinese characters 柳 meaning ‘willow’ 庾 meaning ‘stack of grain’ 劉 and 兪. Some sources indicate the existence of as many as 230 clans but only about twenty can be positively documented. Several of the clans are of Chinese origin. (i) The character 柳 is used by the largest Yu clan the Munhwa Yu founded by a man named Yu Ch’a Tal (柳車達). Ch’a's fifth great-grandfather had been involved in an attempt to overthrow the Shilla king. To avoid prosecution the ancestor fled to Munhwa and changed his surname first to that of his maternal grandmother Yang and then to Yu. Many years later Yu Ch’a Tal assisted Wang Kŏn to establish the Koryŏ Kingdom. Ch’a was recognized for his support and was rewarded accordingly. Ch’a's eldest son began again to use the Ch’a surname but his younger son continued to use Yu. The Munhwa Yu clan along with the Andong Kwŏn clan possesses one of the oldest extant clan genealogies in Korea. (ii) The character 庾 is borne by the descendants of Yu Kŏm-p’il (庾 黔弼) a general who fought during the founding of the Koryŏ kingdom in the early 10th century. He was enfeoffed with P’yŏngsan in Hwanghae province. Yu Kŏm-p’il’s fifth-generation descendant established the Musong Yu clan. (iii) The character 劉 is borne by the descendants of Yu Sŭng-bi (劉 承備) whose descendants established the Kangnŭng Yu clan in the 11th century. (iv) The character 兪 is borne by the descendants of Yu Sam-chae (兪 三宰) a Shilla official whose descendants settled in the Kigye area of Kyŏngsang North province. Compare Ryu Yoo 2 and You 8.
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Source : DAFN2 : Dictionary of American Family Names 2nd edition, ©2022 by Patrick Hanks and Oxford University Press
FANBI : The Oxford Dictionary if Family Names in Britain and Ireland, ©2016, University of the West of England
FANBI : The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain, ©2021, University of the West of England
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