Origin
Beauregard : French: habitational name from any of various places in France named Beauregard for their fine view or fine aspect for example in Ain Dordogne Drôme Lot and Puy-de-Dôme from beau ‘fair lovely’ + regard ‘aspect outlook’ or a topographic name with the same meaning. Compare Begor Burgard and Burgor.
Bru : 1: Catalan: from the Catalan personal name Bru equivalent to Bruno or a nickname from Catalan bru ‘dark (hair or skin)’ for someone of dark hair and skin.2: Norwegian: habitational name from a farmstead so named in western Norway from bru ‘bridge’.3: French: topographic name for someone who lived on moorland from Old Occitan bruc ‘heather heath’ or a habitational name from any of various minor places called with this word for example Bru in Lot or Le Bru in Cantal Corrèze and Dordogne.4: French: variant of Brun.5: French: relationship name from bru ‘daughter-in-law’.
Cales : 1: English: either a topographic name from the plural form of Middle English caule cale ‘sheepfold’ (see Call) or a variant of Cale or Kale with post-medieval excrescent -s.2: Dutch: variant of Calis which is from the Latin personal name Calixtus (see Calixto) or a habitational name from the Dutch-Flemish form of the northern French placename Calais (compare English Callis).3: French (Calès): habitational name from either of two places so called in Lot and Dordogne probably derived from pre-Latin kal ‘rock’.4: Aragonese (Calés): probably of French origin (see 3 above).5: Americanized form of German Kahl and possibly also of some other similar (like-sounding) surname; compare Cale.
Demonbreun : American French: altered form of De Montbrun a topographic name with preposition de ‘from’ shortened from the French title sieur de Montbrun which refers to the placename Montbrun found in various parts of France (e.g. in Aude Drôme Lot and Lozère) presumably in all cases meaning ‘brown mountain’. The surname De Montbrun is found only in Canada while the surname Demonbreun is most common in TN.
Fenelon : 1: French (Fénelon): habitational name from Lamothe-Fénelon a place in Lot.2: Haitian (Fénelon also Fénélon): from the surname of the French writer François Fénelon (1651–1715) archbishop of Cambrai used as a nickname.3: Irish: variant of Fenlon 1.
Garlick : 1: Americanized form of Jewish Gorelik.2: English (northern): from Middle English garlec (Old English gārlēac) ‘garlic’ hence a metonymic occupational name for a grower or seller of garlic or perhaps a nickname for someone who ate a lot of garlic.3: English: alternatively sometimes probably a shortening of Middle English Garleker ‘seller of garlic’ hence an occupational name with the same meaning as 2 above.4: Americanized form of German Gerlach and also of its cognate Garlich.
Goldmann : 1: German: occupational name for someone who worked with gold denoting anything from a gold-miner to a maker of gold jewelry or a gilder (someone skilled in decorating surfaces with a very thin layer of gold leaf). In the Middle Ages the term also denoted someone who possessed a lot of gold or wore a lot of gold jewelry.2: Jewish (Ashkenazic): variant of Goldman.
Heckmann : German: topographic name for someone who lived by a hedge or by the boundary of an enclosure or who owned an enclosed lot in the forest from Middle High German hecke hegge ‘hedge’ (see Heck 1) + man ‘man’.
Hoop : 1: North German (Schleswig-Holstein): topographic name for someone who lived on a raised piece of land in a bog hop or a habitational name in Lower Saxony from a place called with this word.3: Americanized form of Dutch Hoep a habitational name from the hamlet Hoep in Schagen North Holland probably so named because of the hoop shape of its lot or watercourse.2: Dutch (mainly De Hoop): habitational name from any of several houses inns and mills named with the noun hoop mostly in the sense of ‘hope’ or hoop hoep ‘hoop’ perhaps as a reference to the production of hoops for barrels.
Izurieta : Basque: habitational name from a place called Izurieta in Gipuzkoa province Basque Country (Spain) composed of izai ‘fir tree’ + uri ‘hamlet village settlement’ + the collective suffix -eta ‘place or group of’ hence ‘village where there are a lot of fir trees’.
Kinder : 1: English (northwestern): habitational name from Kinder in Hayfield (Derbyshire). The origin of the placename is uncertain.2: German: from the genitive plural of Kind ‘child’ possibly denoting someone who had a lot of children as in Hans der Kinder ‘Hans of the children’ (Eisleben 15th century) or short for some compound such as Kindervater ‘male midwife’ or Kinderfreund ‘one who likes children’.3: German: variant of Günther (see Guenther).
Knell : 1: English (Kent): topographic name from Middle English knelle knille ‘knoll hill hilltop’ (Old English cnyll(e)) for someone who lived at or near a knoll or from a place so named such as Knell House in Goring (Sussex). Compare Knill Knoll.2: South German: from Middle High German knellen ‘to cause to explode snap one's fingers’ hence a nickname for a noisy loud-mouthed person or in Swabia and Bavaria for someone who cursed a lot.
Labrow : from any of various places named Labro (Ardèche Aveyron Cantal Tarn Lot Lot-et-Garonne Tarn-et-Garonne) or Labrot (Ardèche Drôme Hte-Loire).
Legel : German: metonymic occupational name for a cooper from Middle High German lagel lægel ‘small vat’. It is a variant of Legler. Alternatively a nickname for an owner of a small lot. Compare Lagle and Legall.
Loth : 1: German: from a short form of the personal name Ludwig.2: German: habitational name from Lothe in eastern Westphalia.3: French: from the Biblical personal name Lot which was the name of Abraham's nephew.
Maceda : Galician and Portuguese: habitational name from any of several places called Maceda (in A Coruña Lugo and Ourense provinces of Spain and Aveiro Portugal). The placename is a derivative of mazá or maçá ‘apple’ with the collective suffix –eda meaning ‘place with a lot of apple trees; orchard’. Compare Maseda.
Masse : 1: French (Massé): habitational name from Massé in Maine-et-Loire so named from Gallo-Roman Macciacum (from the personal name Maccius + the locative suffix -acum).2: French (Massé): variant of Macé (see Mace 3) in part a cognate of 1 above.3: French: habitational name from any of the places called Masse (Allier and Côte-d'Or) or La Masse (Eure Lot Puy-de-Dôme Saône-et-Loire).4: French (Picardy): metonymic occupational name from masse ‘mace hammer’.5: Breton (mainly Finistère of French origin) and French (Massé): from a variant of the personal name Macé (see Mace 2).6: English: variant of Mace.
Mesic : 1: Bosniak (Mesić and Mešić): patronymic from the Bosniak Muslim personal names Meso and Mešo pet forms of Mehmed which is of Turkish and ultimately of Arabic origin (see Muhammad). It is also found as a Croatian surname originating from the time of the Turkish occupation of the Balkans.2: Croatian (Mesić): nickname for someone who ate a lot of meat derived from meso ‘meat’.3: Slovenian (Mešič) and Croatian (Mešić): nickname from Slovenian mešič Croatian dialect mešić ‘pouch’. Compare Mesich Mesick 2 and Messick 2.
Pienkowski : Polish (Pieńkowski): habitational name for someone from any of several places for example Pieńki and Pieńków named with pienkie ‘tree stump’ or a topographic name for someone who lived where there were a lot of tree stumps.
Polycarpe : French and Haitian: from the French personal name Polycarpe Latin Polycarpus from Greek Polykarpos from the adjective polykarpos ‘fruitful’ (composed of polys ‘a lot of’ and karpos ‘fruit’ a word with mystical connotations among early Christians). St. Polycarp was a 2nd-century bishop of Smyrna said to have known the Apostle John; he is regarded as one of the Apostolic Fathers. This surname was brought to the US from Haiti.
Polynice : French and Haitian: from the French personal name Polynice Latin Polynices from Greek Polyneikēs composed of the elements polys ‘a lot of’ and neikos ‘quarrel strife’ borne in Greek mythology by the son of Oedipus and Jocasta. This surname is very rare in France. It was brought to the US mainly from Haiti.
Raygoza : Hispanic (mainly Mexico): altered form of Galician Reigosa a habitational name from any of the places called Reigosa in Lugo from Latin radicosa ‘with a lot of roots’. Compare Raigosa and Raigoza.
Roulhac : French: variant of Rouilhac a habitational name from Rouilhac in Lot and perhaps also from Rouillac in Charente.
Smoker : 1: Dutch (De Smoker): from an agent derivative of smoken ‘to smoke’ hence a nickname for someone who smoked a lot of tabacco.2: English: occupational name from an agent derivative of Middle English smok ‘smock shift woman's undergarment’ (Old English smoc) used for someone who made or sold such items of clothing. See also Smock.
Sol : 1: Spanish and Portuguese: from the female personal name Sol from sol ‘sun’ also used as a short form of the Marian name María del Sol ‘Mary of the Sun’; or perhaps a nickname for someone with a cheerful disposition from the same word. This name was also frequent among Jews in Spain. Compare Del Sol 1.2: Catalan and French (Occitan): nickname from Catalan Occitan sol ‘calm’.3: Catalan (Sòl) and French (Occitan): topographic name from the communal threshing floor (Catalan sòl Occitan sol)’ or a habitational name from any of the places called Sòl in Catalonia (Spain) or (Le) Sol in southern France e.g. in Cantal and Lot. Compare Del Sol 2.4: Dutch and Flemish: perhaps a topographic name from Dutch sol ‘pit filled with water’.5: Jewish (from Poland; Sól): metonymic occupational name for a salt merchant from Polish sól ‘salt’.
Wanderer : German and Jewish (Ashkenazic): nickname for someone who moved around a lot.
Winkleblack : Americanized form of German Winkelblech: metonymic occupational name for a tinsmith living at a corner or on a narrow pointed lot from Middle High German winkel ‘corner angle’ + blech ‘tin sheet (of metal)’.
Winkless : see Winkles.possibly a nickname for someone who did not sleep a lot though no medieval bearers have been found. The adjective winkless is not recorded before 1861 (OED).
Zehr : German: nickname for a big eater or a spendthrift from a noun derivative of Middle High German zeren ‘to spend a lot of money on food and drink to splurge’.
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Source : DAFN2 : Dictionary of American Family Names 2nd edition, ©2022 by Patrick Hanks and Oxford University Press
FANBI : The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain, ©2021, University of the West of England
FANBI : The Oxford Dictionary if Family Names in Britain and Ireland, ©2016, University of the West of England
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