Origin
Baldwin : 1: English and North German: from a personal name composed of the ancient Germanic elements bald ‘bold brave’ + wine ‘friend’ which was extremely popular among the Normans and in Flanders in the early Middle Ages. It was the personal name of the Crusader who in 1100 became the first Christian king of Jerusalem and of four more Crusader kings of Jerusalem. It was also borne by Baldwin Count of Flanders (1172–1205) leader of the Fourth Crusade who became first Latin Emperor of Constantinople (1204). In North America this surname has absorbed Dutch forms such as Boudewijn.2: Irish: surname adopted in Donegal by bearers of the Gaelic surname Ó Maolagáin (see Milligan) due to association of Gaelic maol ‘bald hairless’ with English bald.
Barabas : Hungarian and Spanish (Barabás); Polish (Barabaś); Czech (Barabáš); Slovak (also Barabás and Barabáš); Serbian Croatian and Slovenian (Barabaš): from the New Testament personal name Barabbas meaning ‘son of Abba’ or ‘son of the father’ in Aramaic. This was the name borne by the thief whose life was demanded by the crowd in Jerusalem in preference to that of Jesus (Matthew 27:15–21). In central Europe it came to be used as a personal name with reference to a reformed or repentant sinner one whose life had been saved by Jesus's self-sacrifice. The surname Barabás or Barabas of Hungarian origin is also found in Romania where it is also spelled Barabaş. In North America the surname Barabas is also an altered form of the Polish variant Barabasz.
Cyril : West Indian Indian and African (mainly Nigeria): from the personal name Cyril an English form of Greek Kyrillos a pet form of Kyrios a Christian adjective meaning ‘of the Lord’ derived from the Greek noun kyrios ‘lord’. This was the name of a number of early Christian saints notably the theologians Cyril of Alexandria and Cyril of Jerusalem and of the saint and missionary (826–869) who together with his brother Methodios brought Christianity to the Slavs; the Cyrillic alphabet which is still used today for writing Russian Ukrainian Belorussian Bulgarian Serbian Macedonian Rusyn and certain other languages is named for him. Saint Cyril is therefore especially venerated as a saint among the Slavs; some of the principal forms of this name in Slavic languages are Russian Kiril Ukrainian and Rusyn Kyryl(o) Polish Cyryl Slovak Cyril and Slovenian Ciril; see also Curylo Kurilla and Kurylo. The name is also established in southern Italy (see Cirillo) and in Spain (see Cirilo).
Ezra : Jewish: from the Hebrew personal name Ezra; if from Hebrew Azaryahu then it means ‘God helps’. Ezra was a Biblical prophet of the 5th century BC who played an important role in the rebuilding of Jerusalem after the Babylonian exile.
Hadzic : Bosniak Serbian and Croatian (Hadžić): patronymic from hadžija ‘hadji’ a Bosnian Serbian and Croatian word of Turkish and ultimately Arabic origin (see Haji) denoting a Muslim who has made a pilgrimage to Mecca or a Christian who has made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem.
Hatzis : Greek: variant of Chatzis from the vocabulary word chatzis ‘pilgrim (to Jerusalem)’ from Arabic ḥajjī ‘hadji’ (i.e. ‘pilgrim to Mecca’). Having completed a pilgrimage to the Holy Land was a mark of high social distinction. Often this surname is an American shortened form of a surname with Hatzi- as a prefix to a patronymic naming the ancestor who performed the pilgrimage; e.g. Hatzimarkou ‘son of Mark the Pilgrim’ Hatzioannou ‘son of John the Pilgrim’.
Lapalme : French: from la palme ‘the palm leaf’ used as a nickname for a pilgrim who brought back a palm leaf from Jerusalem. This surname is very rare in France. Compare Lapan and Lapham.
Mountjoy : English (Devon and Gloucestershire; of Norman origin): habitational name ultimately from Montjoie a crusaders’ name derived from that of the mountain in Palestine from which the first view of Jerusalem was obtained. The name was adopted for several places in western Europe (notably Montjoie-Saint-Martin in Manche) and this or the original could have given rise to the English surname.
Ozanne : 1: French: from the female personal name Osanne which is based on a Biblical liturgical word the Latin form of which is Hosanna (from Hebrew hosha'na ‘save we pray’). This was the cry of acclamation that greeted Jesus when he rode into Jerusalem on Palm Sunday (Matthew 21: 8–9). Compare Dauzat">Dauzat 3.2: German: from a variant of the female personal name Susanna influenced by the liturgical word hosanna (see 1 above).
Palma : 1: Spanish Catalan Galician Portuguese and southern Italian: habitational name from any of various places called with Latin palma ‘palm’.2: Italian: from the personal name Palma ‘palm’ bestowed with reference to the triumphal entry of Christ into Jerusalem before his arrest and crucifixion. The personal name is used for both sexes though predominantly for females.3: Portuguese: habitational name from Parma in Italy.
Saladine : apparently from Saladin (Arabic Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn ‘righteousness of the faith’) the name of the Sultan of Egypt and Syria who ruthlessly defeated the Christian Crusader army in 1187 and captured Jerusalem but who subsequently became a byword for chivalry among Christians from his acts of generosity during the Third Crusade (1189–92). The crusade was paid for in England and France by an unpopular tax known as the ‘Saladin tithe’. The sense of the nickname is uncertain. It may have been given to one who went on the Third Crusade in which case the surname illustrated below was already hereditary by 1279. Alternatively it may have been given to someone thought to resemble Saladin in some way. The nickname evidently had currency in medieval France for it also gave rise to a surname there.
Sari : 1: Turkish (Sarı): descriptive nickname from sarı ‘yellow pale’ or ‘fair-haired’.2: Muslim (mainly Algeria): perhaps from Arabic sārī ‘nocturnal wayfarer’. The sense is familiar from the Koranic account of the prophet Muhammad's miraculous night-journey from Mecca to Jerusalem.3: Hungarian: from a pet form of the female personal name Sára (see Sara).4: Italian (northern): patronymic or plural form of Saro a short form of Baldassaro variant of Baldassare.5: American shortened form of Greek names beginning with the Turkish word sarı (see 1 above) for example Sarigiannis ‘fair-haired John’.
Sion : 1: French (mainly Nord) and Walloon: from the personal name Sion a shortened and altered form of Ancion a pet form of Anselme (see Anselm). The personal name may alternatively be in some cases of Biblical origin (see 2 below and Zion).2: French: habitational name from any of various places so named (e.g. in Meurthe-et-Moselle Vendée and Loire-Atlantique) probably after the hill in Jerusalem mentioned in the Bible (see Zion).3: French (Vosges): variant of Scion a nickname from scion ‘twig shoot’. This surname (in any of the possible senses; see above) is also found in Germany (Ahrweiler).4: Spanish (Sión): perhaps a habitational name from Sión in Pontevedra province Galicia. This surname is not found in Galicia.5: Jewish (Sephardic): variant of Zion.
Steven : Scottish English Dutch and North German: from the personal name Steven from Latin Stephanus Greek Stephanos ‘crown’. This was a popular name throughout Christendom in the Middle Ages having been borne by the first Christian martyr stoned to death at Jerusalem three years after the death of Christ. In North America this surname has also absorbed various cognates from other languages e.g. German Steffen German and Polish Stefan Slovenian and Slovak Štefan Hungarian István (see Istvan) and also their patronymics and other derivatives (see Stevens).
Temple : 1: English (northern England and London) Scottish and French: from Middle English Old French temple ‘temple’ (from Latin templum) denoting a religious house or manorial estate of the Knights Templar. The surname may be a metonymic occupational name for someone who lived or worked at such an establishment or a habitational name from a place so named such as Temple in Cornwall (Midlothian). The Knights Templar were a crusading order so named because they claimed to occupy in Jerusalem the site of the old temple. The order was founded in 1118 and flourished for 200 years but was suppressed as heretical in 1312.2: English: nickname given to foundlings baptized at the Temple Church London so called because it was originally built on land belonging to the Templars.3: Americanized form of North German or Dutch Tempel 1.
Zion : Jewish: artificial name from Hebrew tsion ‘(Mount) Zion’ the hill in Jerusalem on which the city of David was built or from the male personal name derived from the name of the hill. Compare Sion.
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Source : DAFN2 : Dictionary of American Family Names 2nd edition, ©2022 by Patrick Hanks and Oxford University Press
FANBI : The Oxford Dictionary if Family Names in Britain and Ireland, ©2016, University of the West of England
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