Origin
Gilbert : 1: English (of Norman origin) French and German: from the personal name Giselbert composed of the ancient Germanic elements gīsil ‘pledge hostage noble youth’ (see Giesel) + berht ‘bright famous’. This personal name enjoyed considerable popularity in England during the Middle Ages partly as a result of the fame of Saint Gilbert of Sempringham (1085–1189) the founder of the only native English monastic order.2: Americanized form of one or more similar (like-sounding) Jewish surnames.
Boyle : 1: Irish (Donegal): Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Baoighill ‘descendant of Baoigheall’ a personal name of uncertain meaning perhaps from baoth ‘rash’ + geall ‘pledge’.2: Scottish (of Norman origin): habitational name from Biéville near Caen Normandy formerly Boiavilla. The Boyle earls of Glasgow lords of Kelburne (Ayrshire) are descended from Adam son of Gilbert son of Richer de Boiville. In 12th-century England men named de Boiville held land in Millom and Saint Bees Cumberland and were associated with grants of land in Gloucestershire.
Crispin : 1: English; Spanish (Crispín): from the personal name Middle English Crispin Spanish Crispín from Latin Crispinus derived from crispus ‘curly-haired’ (see Crisp). This name was especially popular in France in the early Middle Ages having been borne by a Christian saint who was martyred at Soissons in AD c. 285 along with a companion Crispinianus (whose name is a further derivative of the same word). Compare Crespin and 3 below.2: English (of Norman origin): from Old French and Middle English crespin crispin ‘curly-haired’ also found as Crepin; see Crippin. It is difficult to tell this apart from the personal name in 1 above. According to Lanfranc archbishop of Canterbury (1070–1089) the Norman Gilbert Crispin was the first man to receive this nickname and two of his sons adopted it as their surname. His grandson Gilbert Crispin became abbot of Westminster in 1085. Members of the Norman family were said to have inherited a shock of hair that stood up stiffly like a bristly pine as though the name derived from Latin crispus pinus but this derivation is a medieval invention.3: Americanized form of German Krispin and possibly also of Dutch Krispijn or Chrispijn Czech Kryšpín or Krišpín and Polish Kryszpin cognates of 1 above.
Cubby : of uncertain origin. Black suggests that Cubbie was a reduced form of the personal name Cuthbert and cites Cubbison by way of comparison. However in that case Cubbison is derived from the Gaelic personal name Giobún (Gibbon) a pet form of Gilbert (see McGibbon) and it may well be that that name underlies Cubby instead.
Culpeck : from Middle English cul(l)en coilen ‘to pick select gather’ + pek ‘dry measure peck’. Compare Culpepper and Gilbert Cullebole 1317 in Patent Rolls with bolle ‘a dry measure’.
Fitzgibbon : Irish: from Anglo-Norman French fi(t)z ‘son’ (see Fitz) + the personal name Gibbon a Norman French pet form of Gilbert; ‘son of Gibbon’. This name has long been a widespread and important surname in Ireland and Gaelicized as Mac Giobúin. Sir Gilbert (Gibbon) FitzJohn illegitimate son of John FitzGerald 1st Baron Desmond (died 1261) was the ancestor of a line of Anglo-Norman aristocracy in Ireland who acquired the surname Fitzgibbon with reference to him. Gilbert and his Fitzgibbon descendants were known as ‘the White Knights’ on account of their fair complexion.
Fulford : English:: 1: habitational name from one or more of the numerous places so named in Devon such as Fulford in Tiverton Great Fulford in Dunsford Fullaford in High Bray Fulford Bridge in Shebbear Fullaford in Sampford Courtenay and Fullaford in Buckfastleigh.2: habitational name from one or more of the various places so called elsewhere in England such as Fulford (Staffordshire) Fulford in Kingston Saint Mary (Somerset) Gate Fulford and Water Fulford (both East Yorkshire) Fulfords Farm in Itchingfield (Sussex) and Fulforth in Witton Gilbert (Durham). All places in 1 above and 2 are named from Old English fūl ‘dirty muddy’ + ford ‘ford’.
Gibb : English: from the personal name Gibb a pet form of Gilbert (compare Gibbs). This surname is also frequent in Scotland.
Gibbison : ‘son of Gibby Gibbe or Gibon’ Middle English and Older Scots pet forms of Gilbert. See Gibby Gibb and Gibbon.see Gibson.
Gibson : English: from the Middle English and Older Scots personal name Gibb (a pet form of Gilbert) + son hence ‘son of Gibb’. The name is very common in Ireland having arrived in that country in the 17th century. It is also occasionally adopted for Ó Gibealláin see Giblin. This surname is also common among African Americans.
Gilkinson : 1: probably a variant of Gilkison with intrusive -n-. Gilkison also spelled Gilkerson may have been re-formed as Gilkinson by a false analogy with northern surnames like Wilke(r)son a reduced form of Wilkinson. 2: possibly an English patronymic ‘son of Gilkin’. With a hard pronunciation of initial G- the personal name might be a pet form of Gilbert. With a soft pronunciation of initial G- it would be a borrowing into Middle English of Gilquin the French version of Middle Dutch Gilkin (as in the 1296 citation) which was the common Flemish pet form of Giles. Many Flemings settled in England after the Norman Conquest. It may have given rise to the now lost surnames Gilkin and Gilkins as in Richard Gylekyn 1317–18 in Feet of Fines (Surrey); Richard Gylkyns 1332 in Subsidy Rolls (Worcs). Compare Gill.alternatively the English surname (if it has a soft G-) might be based on a pet form of the Middle English female personal name Gillian. Compare Gill.
Killer : 1: from Middle English killer ‘one who kills or slaughters’ perhaps used for a butcher; compare Gilbert Killebole 1327 in Subsidy Rolls (Leics) i.e. ‘kill bull’. 2: perhaps a variant of Kilner with assimilation of -ln- to -ll-; see Fransson p. 183.
Mammatt : 1: perhaps from Middle English maumet mamet ‘idol doll puppet’ also ‘pixie’ (Old French mahomet).perhaps from an unrecorded Old French personal name *Mamot or *Mamet pet forms of Old French Mame the name of a French saint. The possibility is strengthened by the existence of the double diminutive pet forms Maminot and Maminet as the surname of a Norman family with lands in Kent and Lincs: Gilbert Maminot 1086 in Domesday Book (Kent); Emma Maminet 1130 in Pipe Rolls (Kent); Wauchelin Maminot 1157 in Templars Records (Lincs). However although Maminot may have alternated with *Mamot the Maminot family appears to have died out in the male line in about 1190. 2: variant of Memmott. The post-medieval bearers under (1) may alternatively belong here. Compare Mary Mamotte 1727 Ann Memmott 1782 Hannah Mommott 1791 in IGI (Sheffield WR Yorks); Elizabeth Mommot 1775 William Memmott 1814 in IGI (Aston WR Yorks).
Pym : from the Middle English personal name Pimme (Old English Pymma of unknown origin). Compare Johannes Pymson' 1379 in Poll Tax (Scosthorp WR Yorks) and the Middle English pet forms in Will'o Pymmot 1327 in Subsidy Rolls (Arnold Notts) John Pymot' William Pymot' 1327 in Subsidy Rolls (Yorton Shrops) and Roberto Pymcok 1381 in Poll Tax (Steventon Berks). See also Pimlott and Pimble and compare Gilbert Pimming' 1221 in Assize Rolls (Warwicks) William Pymyng 1295 in Feet of Fines (Essex) Rog'o Pymmyng 1327 in Subsidy Rolls (West Burton Notts) and Johanne Pumyg 1379 in Poll Tax (Fosbury and Buttermere Wilts) whose surnames derive from an Old English *Pymming a hypocoristic extension of Pymma.
Rafton : 1: of uncertain origin. In N England it might be a pronunciation of Raughton with Middle English [χt] spelled -ght- becoming [t] or [ft]. Raughton is a Cumb place-name recorded as Rachtona (1188) Racton' (1250) Raughton (1292) and Rawton (1580) of which the second element is Old English tūn ‘farmstead’ and the first element doubtful perhaps Old English ragu ‘moss lichen’. It gave rise to a medieval surname spelled Ragton' (1182 1279) Rachton' (1186 1279) and Ragheton (1278) but whether this surname survived into modern times is unknown and the current name in N England may be that in (2) by migration. 2: in S England perhaps from Racton (Sussex) near Compton where the earliest example of Rafton has been found. Compare Gilbert de Raketon 1332 in Subsidy Rolls (Eartham Sussex) and Adam Racton 1571 in IGI (Walberton Sussex). Racton which is recorded as Racheton (1086) Rakentune (1121) and Raketon (1316) is from Old English tūn ‘farmstead’ with an uncertain first element perhaps an Old English personal name *Raca or the Old English word hraca ‘throat’ used topographically to mean ‘pass rough track’. The change from Rak- to Raf- could have been via an unrecorded intermediate form Ragheton but evidence is lacking.
Waygood : perhaps from a Middle English personal name *Wigod (surviving from Old English Wīggod from wīg ‘battle’ + god).perhaps a form of the personal name Wigot as suggested by Thomas Wygod and Gilbert Wygot both 1327 in Subsidy Rolls (Meon Hill Gloucs); in which case see Wiggett.
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Source : DAFN2 : Dictionary of American Family Names 2nd edition, ©2022 by Patrick Hanks and Oxford University Press
FANBI : The Oxford Dictionary if Family Names in Britain and Ireland, ©2016, University of the West of England
FANBI : The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain, ©2021, University of the West of England
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