Origin
Andrew : English and Scottish: from the usual vernacular English form (recorded from the 13th century onward) of the New Testament Greek personal name Andreas. In North America the English form of the surname has absorbed many cognates from other languages e.g. Czech Ondřej (see Ondrey) and Albanian Ndreu and also their patronymics and other derivatives (see examples at Andrews).
Abdale : see Apedaile. Compare George Apedaile 1727 Frances Apedale 1762 Margaret Abdale 1841 in IGI (Auckland Saint Andrew Durham).
Anderson : 1: Scottish and northern English: patronymic from the personal name Ander(s) a northern Middle English form of Andrew + son ‘son’. The frequency of the surname in Scotland is attributable at least in part to the fact that Saint Andrew is the patron saint of Scotland so the personal name has long enjoyed great popularity there. Legend has it that the saint's relics were taken to Scotland in the 4th century by a certain Saint Regulus. In North America this surname has absorbed many cognate or like-sounding surnames in other languages notably Scandinavian (see 3 and 4 below) but also Ukrainian Andreychenko etc.2: German: patronymic from the personal name Anders hence a cognate of 1 above.3: Americanized form (and a less common Swedish variant) of Swedish Andersson a cognate of 1 above.4: Americanized form of Norwegian Danish and North German Andersen or Anderssen cognates of 1 above.
Avelino : Spanish and Portuguese: from a Christian personal name bestowed in honor of Saint Andrew Avellino (1521–1608; Andrea Avellino in Italian; see Avellino) an Italian priest venerated as patron saint of Naples and Sicily.
Bruford : probably a metathesized variant of Burford (perhaps influenced by the River Brue in Somerset) although a reference to Andrew Bruford or Benford 1521 in PROB 11 raises the possibility of an association with Benford.
Capell : 1: English: variant of Chappell ‘chapel’ from a Norman form with hard c- applied as a topographic or occupational name or as a habitational name for someone from any of several minor places called with this word such as Capel in Surrey Capel le Ferne in Kent or Capel Saint Andrew and Capel Saint Mary in Suffolk.2: English: from Middle English capel caple capul(le) ‘stallion gelding; warhorse cart horse riding horse’ denoting someone thought to resemble a horse in some way or possibly someone whose occupation involved horses.3: Catalan: from capell ‘hat hood’ as a nickname for someone who habitually wore a hat or hood or a metonymic occupational name for someone who made hats or hoods.
Cranford : English: habitational name from any of several places called Cranford for example in the counties of Devon Middlesex Essex and Northamptonshire (Cranford Saint Andrew and Cranford Saint John) named with Old English cran ‘crane’ + ford ‘ford’.
Crusher : variant pronunciation of Crozier. The bearers cited below were probably related to Ralph Crozier 1794 in IGI (Brotton NR Yorks) and Ralph Crosier 1796 in IGI (Auckland Saint Andrew Durham). It is not certain whether the men named Ralph (both fathers) are the same or different individuals.
Cullingford : of uncertain orgin. It may be an altered form of a name originating outside E Anglia. One possibility is the WR Yorks name Cullingworth alias Collingwood with -ford substituted for -worth and -wood. In 16th- and 17th-century Norfolk and Suffolk appear Thomas Collingworthe 1582 Andrew Cullinworth 1606 Ellen Collingworth 1664 in IGI (Norwich Norfolk); Geo. Collingwood 1584 in IGI (Glemsford Suffolk); Robt. Collingwood 1607 in IGI (Great Yarmouth Norfolk). The NE surname Collingwood is another possible source. Alternatively Cullingworth and Collingwood (and therefore perhaps Cullingford) may be variants of the Leics or Northumb name Killingworth with rounding of the vowel. Johes Kyllyngworthe 1545 in IGI (Norwich Norfolk) may be compared with the Cull- Collingworth examples from Norwich cited above. John Killingsworth 1565 Elizabeth Killingworth 1634 in IGI (Little Plumstead Norfolk) may be compared with Alse Collingwood 1563 and Thomas Collingwood 1627 in IGI (Little Plumstead Norfolk). However it is impossible without genealogical evidence to know if these are variants of a single name or two or more different names coinciding in the same parishes. What relationship the surname has with Collingsford Bridge in Wetheringsett (Suffolk) is unknown.
Dampney : variant of Daubney with devoicing of /b/ to /p/ and intrusive /m/ before the bilabial consonant. Compare William Dabney 1618 in IGI (Salisbury Wilts) with the 1687 bearer below and Andrew Dawbney 1687 in IGI (Bishops Caundle Dorset) with the 1778 bearer. Salisbury is approximately five miles away from Winterbourne Gunner and Bishops Caundle is about a couple of miles from Glanvilles Wootton.
Dand : from the personal name Dand a Middle English and Older Scots rhyming pet form of either Randolf or Andrew (the latter especially in Scotland). Henry John and William Dand are also named as Henry John and William filius Ranulphi 1287 in Sherwood Forest Eyre (Basford Notts). See also Dandy Dandison Andrew Randolph.
Dandie : from a diminutive of the Middle Scots personal name Dand a rhyming pet form of Andrew. Compare English Dandy.
Eldon : English:: 1: habitational name from Helmington (Hall) in Saint Andrew Aukland (Durham) from Old English helming (helm ‘helmet’ + -ing denoting association or resemblance to a helmet) + denu ‘valley’ with the loss of initial H- and later the loss of -m-. There is currently no evidence that the surname also derived from Eldon (Durham) though it remains a theoretical possibility and there may be additional unidentified sources.2: habitational name from Upper Eldon in Hampshire from the Old English personal name Ella or perhaps elle ‘elder’ + Old English dūn ‘hill’ or denu ‘valley’.3: variant of Elden or Eldin (for which see Elden 4).
Emmington : 1: variant of Hemington with loss of H-. Compare John Hemington 1823 Lydia Emmington 1827 in IGI (Peterborough Northants); Andrew Emington 1824 Frederick Hemington 1829 in IGI (Horsleydown Surrey). 2: perhaps from Emmington in Chinnor (Oxon) but it is uncertain that this surname has survived. The place-name is recorded as Amintone in 1086 and Eminton' in 1199 and derives from the Old English personal name Eama + Old English connective -ing- + tūn ‘farmstead estate’.
Endley : variant of Hendley (see Handley) or Henley with loss of H-. Compare Anne Endley 1734 Andrew Henley 1755 in IGI (Woburn Beds); George Endley 1812 George Henley 1824 in IGI (Weston and Wixhill Shrops); John Hendley 1841 John Endley 1847 in IGI (Hodnet Shrops).
Gedge : either from Middle English gig(ge) *jig(ge) gegge ‘silly fellow’ or from Middle English *kegge kigge ‘cheerful pleasant agreeable merry’ with voicing of the initial consonant in which case it is a variant of Kedge. The two words may have been confused. The spelling Gegge can represent either of two pronunciations Gedge or Geg.variant of Gage (or vice versa). Compare Willm. Gage 1575 Willm. Gadge 1586 in IGI (Hadleigh Suffolk) with Edmvnt Gedge 1558 in IGI (Hadleigh Suffolk); Andrew Gage 1381 in Poll Tax (Siddington Gloucs) with Thomas Gegg 1623 in IGI (Siddington Gloucs).perhaps a variant of Geake with the final consonant voiced to give Geg(g) but a development to Gedge is more difficult to explain. Compare John and Walter le Gek 1327 in Subsidy Rolls (Bukland Gloucs) and John le Gek 1327 in Subsidy Rolls (Winchester Hants) with the 1327 Gloucs and Hants examples of le Geg cited below.
Jackson : 1: English Scottish and northern Irish: patronymic from Jack. In North America this surname has absorbed other patronymics beginning with J- in various European languages in particular those derived from equivalents or short forms and other derivatives of the personal name Jacob e.g. Norwegian Jacobsen or Jakobsen and in some cases Slovenian Jakše (from a derivative of the personal name Jakob). This surname is also very common among African Americans (see also 2 below).2: African American: from the personal name Jackson (or Andrew Jackson) adopted in honor of Andrew Jackson the 7th president of the US; or adoption of the surname in 1 above in many cases probably for the same reason.
Mossom : 1: variant of Mawson as suggested by John Mawson 1723 Wm. Mosson 1745 in IGI Isabella Mossom 1758 in IGI (Auckland Saint Andrew Durham).alternatively a variant of Mowson or Molson (see Moulson). Compare Alice Mowson 1663 in IGI (Durham Durham) and Richardi Mowson 1586 in IGI (Wrawby Lincs) but in Durham Mowson could also be a variant form of (1) and in Lincs Mosson and Mossom may alternatively belong with (2). 2: perhaps a variant of Motson.
Mottershead : English: habitational name from Mottershead a lost place in Mottram Saint Andrew Cheshire. The placename derives from Old English mōtere ‘speaker’ + hēafod ‘head top of a hill’.
Mottram : English: habitational name from either of two places in Cheshire Mottram Saint Andrew or less probably Mottram in Longdendale. The placenames may derive from Old English mōt-trēum ‘at the assembly trees’ (from mōt ‘meeting assembly’ + trēum dative plural of trēow ‘tree’) or mōterum ‘at the speakers’.
Ogborne : from Ogbourne Saint Andrew Ogbourne Saint George and Ogbourne Maizey (Wilts) which are recorded as Ocheburne in 1086 and Occheburne in 1133. The place-name derives from the Old English personal name Oca Occa + Old English burna ‘spring stream’.
Ogburn : English: habitational name from Ogbourne Saint Andrew Ogbourne Saint George and Ogbourne Maizey all in Wiltshire. The placename derives from the Old English personal name Oca Occa + Old English burna ‘spring stream’.
Onder : 1: Slovak: from the personal name Ondrej Slovak equivalent of Andrew (see Andreas).2: Turkish (Önder): ornamental name or nickname (status name) from önder ‘leader’.
Peter : English Scottish German Dutch French (Alsace and Lorraine) Czech (Moravian) Slovak Croatian and Slovenian; Hungarian (Péter): from the personal name Peter (Greek Petros from petra ‘rock’). The personal name was popular throughout Christian Europe in the Middle Ages having been bestowed by Christ as a byname on the apostle Simon bar Jonah the brother of Andrew. The name was chosen by Christ for its symbolic significance (John 1:42 Matt. 16:18); Saint Peter is regarded as the founding head of the Christian Church in view of Christ's saying ‘Thou art Peter and upon this rock I will build my Church’. In Christian Germany in the early Middle Ages this was the most frequent personal name of non-ancient Germanic origin until the 14th century. In North America this surname has also absorbed cognates from other languages for example Czech Petr Polish Piotr and Pietr Albanian Pjetri (from the personal name Pjetër definite form Pjetri) and also their derivatives (see examples at Peterson). It has also been adopted as a surname by Ashkenazic Jews.
Rookley : from Rookley in Arreton (IoW) Rockley in High Bray (Devon) or Rockley in Ogbourne Saint Andrew (Wilts). The place-names all derive from Old English hrōc ‘rook’ (genitive plural hrōca) + lēah ‘wood woodland clearing’.see Rockley.
Rushmer : primarily from Rushmere (Suffolk) or Rushmere Saint Andrew (Suffolk) both of which are recorded as Ryscemara in 1086 but perhaps also from one or more of the several other places called Rushmere Rushmoor or Rushmore including Rushmere in Charing (Kent) which is recorded as Ryssem'e in 1258. The place-names derive from Old English risc ‘rush’ + mere ‘pool’.
Rushmore : 1: English (Suffolk and Norfolk): habitational name primarily from Rushmere (Suffolk) or Rushmere Saint Andrew (Suffolk) but perhaps also from one or more of the several other places called Rushmere Rushmoor or Rushmore including Rushmere in Charing (Kent). The placenames derive from Old English risc ‘rush’ + mere ‘pool’.2: Probably also an Americanized form of German Ruschmeyer or Ruschmeier.
San Andres : Spanish (San Andrés; also Sanandrés): habitational name from any of numerous places so named for a local church or shrine dedicated to Saint Andrew (Spanish San Andrés); see Andreas.
Schepis : Italian (Sicily): from the medieval Greek personal name Skepis a derivative of the vocabulary word skepē ‘cover protection’ commemorating the legend of Our Lady of the Protecting Veil (Hagia Skepē). According to this tale the Virgin Mary appeared to Saint Andrew the Fool extending a veil over the cathedral of Saint Sophia in Constantinople granting her protection.
Simon : English (Lancashire) French Walloon Breton German Dutch Hungarian northern Italian and Jewish (Ashkenazic); Spanish (Simón); Czech and Slovak (mainly Šimon); Slovenian Croatian and Rusyn (from Slovakia) (also Šimon): from the Biblical personal name Hebrew Shim‘on which is probably derived from the Hebrew verb sham‘a ‘to hearken’. In the Vulgate and in many vernacular versions of the Old Testament this is usually rendered Simeon. In the Greek New Testament however the name occurs as Simōn as a result of assimilation to the pre-existing Greek byname Sīmōn (from sīmos ‘snub-nosed’). Both Simon and Simeon were in use as personal names in western Europe from the Middle Ages onward. In Christendom the former was always more popular at least in part because of its associations with the apostle Simon Peter the brother of Andrew. In Britain there was also confusion from an early date with Anglo-Scandinavian forms of Sigmund(r) or Sigmund (see Siegmund) a name whose popularity was reinforced at the Conquest by the Norman form Simund. In North America this surname has also absorbed cognates from other languages e.g. Italian Simone Polish Szymon Albanian Simoni and Assyrian/Chaldean or Arabic Shimun Shamon or Shamoun and also their derivatives (see examples at Simons). See also Shimon.
St. Andre : French (Saint-André): habitational name from any of several places called Saint-André (from the dedication of their churches to Saint Andrew) or a nickname with the prefix Saint as an (ironic) attachment to the personal name or surname Andre. Compare St. Andrew.
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Source : DAFN2 : Dictionary of American Family Names 2nd edition, ©2022 by Patrick Hanks and Oxford University Press
FANBI : The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain, ©2021, University of the West of England
FANBI : The Oxford Dictionary if Family Names in Britain and Ireland, ©2016, University of the West of England
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